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Un compresor es una máquina de fluido que está construida para aumentar la presión y desplazar cierto tipo de fluidos llamados compresibles, tal como lo son los gases y los vapores. Esto se realiza a través de un intercambio de energía entre la máquina y el fluido en el cual el trabajo ejercido por el compresor es transferido a la sustancia que pasa por él convirtiéndose en energía de flujo, aumentando su presión yenergía cinética impulsándola a fluir.
Al igual que las bombas, los compresores también desplazan fluidos, pero a diferencia de las primeras que son máquinas hidráulicas, éstos son máquinas térmicas, ya que su fluido de trabajo es compresible, sufre un cambio apreciable de densidad y, generalmente, también de temperatura; a diferencia de los ventiladores y los sopladores, los cuales impulsan fluidos compresibles, pero no aumentan su presión, densidad o temperatura de manera considerable.
Clasificación según el método de intercambio de energía: Hay diferentes tipos de compresores de aire, pero todos realizan el mismo trabajo: toman aire de la atmósfera, lo comprimen para realizar un trabajo y lo regresa para ser reutilizado.
A compressor is a machine of fluid which is constructed to increase the pressure and displace a certain type called compressible fluid, as are the gases and vapors. This is done through an energy exchange between the machine and the fluid in which the work exerted by the compressor is transferred to the substance passing through it becoming flow energy, increasing its pressure and kinetic energy to flow propelling.
As pumps, compressors also displace fluid, but unlike the first hydraulic machines which are, they are heat engines, as its working fluid is compressible, undergoes a significant change in density, and generally also the temperature ; unlike fans and blowers, which drive compressible fluids but do not increase its pressure, density or temperature significantly.
Classification according to the method of exchange of energy: Different types of air compressors, but all perform the same work: draw air from the atmosphere, compress it to do a job and returns to be reused.
• The piston compressor: an air compressor is simple. . A shaft driven by an electric motor is rotated to raise and lower the piston within a chamber. On each downward stroke of the piston, air is introduced into the chamber through a valve. On each upward movement of the piston, compressed air and another valve is opened to compress said molecules of air during this movement the first mentioned valve closes. Compressed air is guided to a reserve tank. This tank allows the transport of air through various hoses on the compressor. The majority of air compressors for domestic use are of this type.
• The screw compressor: Even simpler than the piston compressor, screw compressor is also driven by electric motors. The main difference is that the screw compressor uses two long screws to compress the air inside a large chamber. To avoid injury of the screws, oil is inserted to keep the whole system lubricated. The oil is mixed with air in the chamber inlet and is transported to the space between the two screws rotator. Upon exiting the chamber, air and oil passing through a long-oil separator where the air and passes through a ready small hole filtering. The oil is cooled and reused while the air goes to the reserve tank to be used for a job.
• Pendulum System Taurozzi
• Reciprocating or Alternate use pistons (block-system as a piston-cylinder internal combustion engines). Valves which open and close by movement of piston draws / compressed gas. Compressor is used in small powers. May be of the hermetic, semi-hermetic or open. The domestic use are airtight, and can not be operated on to repair.the larger capacity are semi-hermetic or open, which can be disassembled and repaired.
• Spiral (Orbital, Scroll)
• Rotary screw (screw, Screw): compression of the gas is continuously, by passing through two rotating screws. Are higher performance and a simple power regulation, but its complexity makes mechanical and cost is used mainly in high power, only.
• Rotodinámicos or Turbomachines: Use a shovel or blade impeller to push and compress the working fluid. In turn these are classified as: Axial ◦Radiales
◦ Radio
Al igual que las bombas, los compresores también desplazan fluidos, pero a diferencia de las primeras que son máquinas hidráulicas, éstos son máquinas térmicas, ya que su fluido de trabajo es compresible, sufre un cambio apreciable de densidad y, generalmente, también de temperatura; a diferencia de los ventiladores y los sopladores, los cuales impulsan fluidos compresibles, pero no aumentan su presión, densidad o temperatura de manera considerable.
Clasificación según el método de intercambio de energía: Hay diferentes tipos de compresores de aire, pero todos realizan el mismo trabajo: toman aire de la atmósfera, lo comprimen para realizar un trabajo y lo regresa para ser reutilizado.
- El compresor de émbolo: Es un compresor de aire simple. . Un mango impulsado por un motor eléctrico es rotado para levantar y bajar el émbolo dentro de una cámara. En cada movimiento hacia abajo del émbolo, el aire es introducido a la cámara mediante una válvula. En cada movimiento hacia arriba del émbolo, se comprime el aire y otra válvula es abierta para comprimir dichas moléculas de aire; durante este movimiento la primera válvula mencionada se cierra. El aire comprimido es guiado a un tanque de reserva. Este tanque permite el transporte del aire mediante distintas mangueras en el compresor. La mayoría de los compresores de aire de uso doméstico son de este tipo.
- El compresor de tornillo: Aún más simple que el compresor de émbolo, el compresor de tornillo también es impulsado por motores eléctricos. La diferencia principal radica es que el compresor de tornillo utiliza dos tornillos largos para comprimir el aire dentro de una cámara larga. Para evitar el daño de los mismos tornillos, aceite es insertado para mantener todo el sistema lubricado. El aceite es mezclado con el aire en la entrada de la cámara y es transportado al espacio entre los dos tornillos rotadores. Al salir de la cámara, el aire y el aceite pasan a través de un largo separador de aceite donde el aire ya pasa listo a través de un pequeño orificio filtrador. El aceite es enfriado y reusado mientras que el aire va al tanque de reserva para ser utilizado para un trabajo.
- Sistema Pendular Taurozzi
- Reciprocantes o Alternativos: utilizan pistones (sistema bloque-cilindro-émbolo como los motores de combustión interna). Abren y cierran válvulas que con el movimiento del pistón aspira/comprime el gas. Es el compresor más utilizado en potencias pequeñas. Pueden ser del tipo herméticos, semi-hermeticos o abiertos. Los de uso domestico son hermeticos, y no pueden ser intervenidos para repararlos. los de mayor capacidad son semi-hermeticos o abiertos, que se pueden desarmar y reparar.
- de Espiral (Orbital, Scroll)
- Rotativo-Helicoidal (Tornillo, Screw): la compresión del gas se hace de manera continua, haciéndolo pasar a través de dos tornillos giratorios. Son de mayor rendimiento y con una regulación de potencia sencilla, pero su mayor complejidad mecánica y costo hace que se emplee principalmente en elevadas potencias, solamente.
- Rotodinámicos o Turbomáquinas: Utilizan un rodete con palas o álabes para impulsar y comprimir al fluido de trabajo. A su vez éstos se clasifican en:
A compressor is a machine of fluid which is constructed to increase the pressure and displace a certain type called compressible fluid, as are the gases and vapors. This is done through an energy exchange between the machine and the fluid in which the work exerted by the compressor is transferred to the substance passing through it becoming flow energy, increasing its pressure and kinetic energy to flow propelling.
As pumps, compressors also displace fluid, but unlike the first hydraulic machines which are, they are heat engines, as its working fluid is compressible, undergoes a significant change in density, and generally also the temperature ; unlike fans and blowers, which drive compressible fluids but do not increase its pressure, density or temperature significantly.
Classification according to the method of exchange of energy: Different types of air compressors, but all perform the same work: draw air from the atmosphere, compress it to do a job and returns to be reused.
• The piston compressor: an air compressor is simple. . A shaft driven by an electric motor is rotated to raise and lower the piston within a chamber. On each downward stroke of the piston, air is introduced into the chamber through a valve. On each upward movement of the piston, compressed air and another valve is opened to compress said molecules of air during this movement the first mentioned valve closes. Compressed air is guided to a reserve tank. This tank allows the transport of air through various hoses on the compressor. The majority of air compressors for domestic use are of this type.
• The screw compressor: Even simpler than the piston compressor, screw compressor is also driven by electric motors. The main difference is that the screw compressor uses two long screws to compress the air inside a large chamber. To avoid injury of the screws, oil is inserted to keep the whole system lubricated. The oil is mixed with air in the chamber inlet and is transported to the space between the two screws rotator. Upon exiting the chamber, air and oil passing through a long-oil separator where the air and passes through a ready small hole filtering. The oil is cooled and reused while the air goes to the reserve tank to be used for a job.
• Pendulum System Taurozzi
• Reciprocating or Alternate use pistons (block-system as a piston-cylinder internal combustion engines). Valves which open and close by movement of piston draws / compressed gas. Compressor is used in small powers. May be of the hermetic, semi-hermetic or open. The domestic use are airtight, and can not be operated on to repair.the larger capacity are semi-hermetic or open, which can be disassembled and repaired.
• Spiral (Orbital, Scroll)
• Rotary screw (screw, Screw): compression of the gas is continuously, by passing through two rotating screws. Are higher performance and a simple power regulation, but its complexity makes mechanical and cost is used mainly in high power, only.
• Rotodinámicos or Turbomachines: Use a shovel or blade impeller to push and compress the working fluid. In turn these are classified as: Axial ◦Radiales
◦ Radio
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